Fiqh dan Perkembangannya dalam Dunia Islam: Perspektif Studi Islam

Abstract

Fiqh is a branch of knowledge in Islam that studies the legal rulings of Sharia based on the Qur'an, Hadith, Ijma’ (consensus of scholars), and Qiyas (analogy). Since the early development of Islam, fiqh has played a significant role in the life of Muslims, providing guidance on various aspects of life such as worship, transactions, criminal law, and social ethics. The development of fiqh began during the lifetime of the Prophet Muhammad (SAW), who directly explained the laws of Allah, followed by the era of the companions, tabi'in, and the emergence of various fiqh schools that have influenced the Muslim world, such as the Hanafi, Maliki, Shafi'i, and Hanbali schools.

Over time, fiqh continued to evolve in response to the social, political, and cultural changes within the Muslim community. This is reflected in contemporary fiqh thought, which is more adaptive to the dynamics of the modern era, addressing new issues not encountered in the classical period, such as laws regarding technology, global economics, and human rights. Reform in fiqh is also one of the efforts to maintain the relevance of Islamic teachings in facing the challenges of the modern world. This article aims to explore the history of fiqh, its development, and its relevance in the context of contemporary Muslim life.