الوسواس في القرآن

دراسة موضوعية عن تزكية النفس في القرآن

Abstract

Satan is portrayed in Islamic theology as the perpetual adversary of humankind until the Day of Judgment. One of the primary arenas of this enmity is the human heart, which serves as a contested domain between the forces of faith and satanic insinuations (waswas). When faith prevails, the heart is fortified and Satan is expelled; however, when Satan gains dominance, he embeds himself within the heart, instilling whispers that distort religious devotion, compromise spiritual integrity, and disrupt overall human well-being. This study aims to explore two key objectives: (1) to investigate exegetical interpretations of waswas across classical and contemporary Qur’anic commentaries, and (2) to examine the relationship between waswas and the concept of tazkiyatun nafs (purification of the soul) within the Qur’anic framework. Employing a qualitative approach through library-based research, this study analyzes a range of tafsīr texts produced by both early and modern scholars to provide a comprehensive understanding of the theme. The findings indicate that waswas refers to subtle, internalized whisperings—originating either from Satan or human sources—that compel individuals toward moral deviation or spiritual negligence. The term waswas appears five times in four chapters of the Qur’an: Al-A‘raf (7:20), Ta-Ha (20:120), Qaf (50:16), and An-Nas (114:4–6). Drawing on Qur’anic evidence, Prophetic traditions, and scholarly consensus, the study concludes that waswas constitutes a form of psychological-spiritual disturbance that necessitates active purification of the soul to ensure both personal piety and communal well-being.