Transformasi Akad Digital: Tinjauan Fikih Jual Beli Online dan Nikah Online Serta Implikasinya Bagi Pendidikan Agama Islam

Abstract

Abstract

Digitalization has transformed social and legal patterns of interaction, including the execution of sales contracts and marriage contracts, which are now widely conducted online. This article aims to analyze the validity of online buying–selling and online marriage within the perspective of Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh), as well as to examine their implications for strengthening Sharia digital literacy in Islamic Religious Education (PAI). This study employs a library research method by reviewing reputable national and international journals, classical and contemporary fiqh texts, and legal regulations related to digital transactions and marriages. The findings indicate that digital contracts are considered valid as long as they fulfill the essential pillars and requirements, such as clarity of the contracting parties’ identities, certainty of the transactional object, synchronization of the ijab–qabul (offer and acceptance), and proper witnessing. Digital media such as video conferencing can function as a contemporary contract session (majelis akad) that satisfies the principle of ittihad al-majlis. The study also affirms that PAI plays a strategic role in developing students’ understanding of digital muamalah law, transactional ethics, and the reinterpretation of classical fiqh concepts in the context of modern technology. Thus, integrating fiqh perspectives with religious education becomes essential for shaping a society that is competent, critical, and ethical in responding to the development of digital contracts in the era of technological transformation.

Abstrak

Digitalisasi telah mengubah pola interaksi sosial dan ‎hukum, termasuk dalam pelaksanaan akad jual beli dan ‎pernikahan yang kini banyak dilakukan secara daring. ‎Artikel ini bertujuan menganalisis keabsahan jual beli ‎online dan nikah online dalam perspektif fikih serta ‎mengkaji implikasinya terhadap penguatan literasi ‎digital syariah dalam Pendidikan Agama Islam (PAI). ‎Penelitian ini menggunakan metode library research ‎dengan menelaah jurnal nasional dan internasional ‎bereputasi, kitab fikih klasik dan kontemporer, serta ‎regulasi hukum terkait transaksi dan pernikahan digital. ‎Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa akad digital dinilai sah ‎selama memenuhi syarat dan rukun utama, seperti ‎kejelasan identitas pihak yang berakad, kepastian objek ‎transaksi, serta sinkronisasi waktu ijab-qabul dan ‎kesaksian. Media digital seperti video konferensi dapat ‎diposisikan sebagai majelis akad kontemporer yang ‎memenuhi kaidah ittihad al-majlis. Kajian juga ‎menegaskan bahwa PAI memiliki peran strategis dalam ‎membangun pemahaman peserta didik terhadap hukum ‎muamalah digital, etika bertransaksi, dan pemaknaan ‎ulang konsep-konsep fikih klasik dalam konteks ‎teknologi modern Dengan demikian, integrasi perspektif ‎fikih dan pendidikan agama menjadi penting untuk ‎membentuk masyarakat yang cakap, kritis, dan beretika ‎dalam menyikapi perkembangan akad digital di era ‎transformasi teknologi. ‎